Surface cleaning is typically the first, and sometimes only, course of action for the conservator of modern and contemporary artworks. In our work at the Museum Conservation Institute (MCI), we have found that Vellux fabric effectively removes dust and other deposits fronm painting surfaces without the problems and risks posed by liquid cleaning agents. This article will describe our use of Vellux fabric in combinatiobn with a HEPA vacuum for dry cleaning the surface of paintings. We used this method to collect dust samples from paintings in two major exhibits. We then examined the samples to track patterns of dust deposition and to study the chemical and physical structure, and absorptive and abrasice properties of Vellux fabric. We hope this informaton will help other conservators develop cleaning techniques using Vellux fabric, tailored to their specific projects.