This paper presents the derivation of a new analytical technique that can be used to test for the existence of a significant association between a point pattern distribution and a variable which describes its environment. It has the major advantages that it indicates the strength of the association, provides information concerning its direction and can be used on small data sets. Its application is illustrated by analyzing the relationship between the distribution of chambered cairns on Rousay, Orkney Islands, and altitude. The technique was developed following an examination of an earlier computer simulation method and the relationship between the two is exposed. Finally, results produced by the two approaches are compared and the validity of the method of assessing goodness of fit employed in the earlier study is questioned. -- AATA