When monoenergetic low-energy X or Gamma-rays interact with matter of different effects occur (photoelectric, inelastic or Compton effect, elastic or Rayleigh effect) which contribute to the absorption, scattering or transmission of the incident radiation. Scattering and transmission of radiation by a sample can be indirectly employed to deduce information about the composition of the sample, while absorption, followed by emission of characteristic X-rays of elements constituting the sample, allows, as well known, to directly observe the chemical elements and their concentration (XRF-analysis). Scattering and transmission of radiation, never before employed in archaeometry, have been tested with standard samples, utilized for the analysis of archaeological objects (coins and roman silver objects from Pompei) and compared with the X-ray fluorescence analysis.