Yamashina Jinaicho (a temple town) was a planned city of the Sengoku period and constructed almost in the center of the Yamashina basin. The center of the town was Honganji. It prospered as a central <i>jinaicho</i> supported by many followers in various districts but was attacked by enemies and was destroyed in 1532. The purpose of the study is to clarify the features of the Yamashina Jinaicho objectively through the results of the research of extant sites, excavations, and from old pictures remaining in various places. Until recently the remains of earthen walls and moats could be found, and the domain of those days could be traced quite easily. However, due to recent development, the remains are in the process of being destroyed. In 1973 and 1974, excavations were conducted, and from an area near the center of the <i>jinaicho</i>, remains were found of the facilities of the town, such as moats, stone walls and smithies, as well as of the structure of a building that contained stone chambers constructed in the inner part of Gohonji. Moreover, the large quantity of earthenware excavated is a valuable historical source that indicates the exact date of the remains. Meanwhile, quite a few old pictures showed Yamashina-go (a unit of several villages) and the site of the <i>Jinaicho</i> were produced during the Edo period. Some of them are owned by Nandenkoshoji and Saishuji, which are closely connected to the Jinaicho. The restoration of the Yamashina Jinaicho and the Nanden was attempted from these historical sources and extant sites. -- AATA