To identify fibers or to correct erroneous identification, a vegetable fiber identification method has been developed in the National Museums of Canada. In this work the micrographs of the inner bark fibers of cedar, maple, silverberry, alder, bitter cherry, the soft vegetable fibers of Indian hemp, spreading dogbane, showy milkweed, stinging nettle, and leaf fibers of some monocotyledons are given both in surface and cross-sectional view. The micrographs serve as standards in the identification of the fiber materials of west coast artifacts. To confirm the microscopic identifications, the drying twist test is also carried out. A few illustrative case-histories are also included.