In the settlement site of Yarym-Tepe in northern Iraq, the expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences has extracted carbonized grains from layers dated to the 6th and 5th millennia B.C. The main component of the samples from the 6th millennium B.C. is hulled many-rowed barley <i>(Hordeum vulgare L.). In the 6th millennium samples, <i>Hordeum distichon L. (two-rowed barley), <i>H. lagunculiforme Bacht. (bottle-shaped barley) and <i>H. vulgare L. <i>nudum (naked barley) of the type with small rounded caryopses were found as admixtures. Single caryopses of wheat were also discovered: hulled <i>Triticum dicoccum Schrank and <i>T. speita L., and naked wheat of <i>T durum Desf. and <i>T. aestivum L. type. The total evidence from the cultivated plant species discovered at Yarym-Tepe provides support for a local origin of agriculture. -- AATA