Cotton samples with a wide range in fiber properties were chosen. An X-ray measure of the degree of crystallite orientation and/or the secant modulus of fifteen cottons are traced through levels from sub-fibers to single fibers to bundles to yarns. The differences due to sample characteristics gradually become less as the cottons progress through these levels. When the secant modulus of the yarns spun at the appropriate twist for maximum strength is referred to the X-ray measurement, no additional masking, but resolution occurs. The resolution seems to be more pronounced with American upland than with barbadense cottons. Tenacity, secant modulus, and bundle linear density primarily explain the rankings.