Two-layer mural paintings in one of the temples of the monastery cave complex of DavidGaredja, named Udabno, were studied using ultraviolet, infrared, and x-rays. According to literary sources available at present, the cave complex has been known since the first half of the 6th century. In the cave studied, the second layer of paintings was dated to the 13th century, whereas there was no agreement on the date of the first one. Some investigators believed that it was painted in the 9th, others in the 10th century. Therefore, it was considered important to obtain a clear picture of the first layer. During the late Middle Ages the first layer was whitewashed and a new picture was painted on it. At present, due to partial loss of the upper painted and underlying whitewashed layers, the discernment of subjects and an iconographic scheme of the first layer is difficult or, in some cases, impossible. Studies performed using ultraviolet, infrared x-ray emission analysis revealed a rather clear picture of the first layer, based on which an iconographic scheme could be reconstructed by art critics suggesting that the first layer was painted not later than the end of the 9th century. Besides, a churchwarden inscription was detected in the second layer stating the purpose of the cave: it was thought to be the northern nave but the inscription said that it was a diaconicon.