47100
Author
Shortland, Andrew;Eremin, Katherine;Kirk, Susanna;Armstrong, James
Editor
Vandiver, Pamela B.;McCarthy, Blythe;Tykot, Robert H.;Ruvalcaba-Sil, Jose Luis;Casadio, Francesca
Author Affiliation
Cranfield University, Department of Materials and Applied Sciences;Harvard University Art Museums, Straus Center for Conservation;Cranfield University, Department of Materials and Applied Sciences;Harvard University, Semitic Museum
Title Of Article Chaper
Reassessing Bronze Age Manufacturing Technologies at Nuzi
Title Of Journal Book
Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VIII
Volume
1047
Pages
217-231
Collation
15 p. : ills.
Reference Bibliography
Includes bibliographic references
Publisher
Materials Research Society
Language Of Text
English
Literature Type
Monograph
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
Excavations from 1925-1931 at the Hurrian city of Nuzi, in modern Iraq, yielded a large and important assemblage of glass and frit and smaller but significant assemblages of metals and ceramics. Thousands of glass, and to a lesser extent Egyptian blue and faience, beads were recovered from the site, but the vitreous assemblage also included decorated glass vessel fragments, molded figurines and amulets. Many of the ceramics are glazed and include figurines and architectural wall nails, whilst the metals include weapons, tools, jewelry and armor. The vitreous materials have been widely studied in the past but the other assemblages have received little attention. These include large quantities of glazed and un-glazed ceramics and metals, the latter being dominated by copper alloys. The current study involves reassessment of the entire assemblage, concentrating initially on the vitreous materials, glazes and metals. Portable non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of the vitreous materials and glazes can identify the colorants even in heavily deteriorated examples which retain little indication of the original color or even material, and allow the stat of preservation of the artifacts to be assessed. This has shown that many beads which do not currently appear vitreous were originally glass and that many more beads were red, yellow and white than was previously expected. Variations in preservation across the site and within individual buildings are currently being examined. Selected beads and vessels have been sample to obtain more accurate compositional data of both altered and unaltered glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy and wavelength dispersive analysis (SEMN-EDS and SEM-WDS). Portable non-destructive XRF analyses of the metals allow the different alloy types to be identified despite significant corrosion and hence the proportion of different alloys in the assemblage to be determined. Full characterization of the assemblages will allow relationships between different manufacturing technologies and the raw materials used to be investigated.
Keywords
assess;bronze;manufacture;technology
pub_id
47100