Tar has been used in coatings since at least 1826, often under patent; and patents for pitch, etc. to prevent fouling, have been registered since 1685. In the 19th century, chalk, lime, and cement were used in anticorrosive compositions, often on pipes. A history of enamels provides details of 19th century recipes, usually heated to produce a vitreous finish. For more recent papers on the subject, see also <i>AATA</i> <b>17-100, 17-1613</b>, and <b>18-1707</b>. -- AATA