Rubberized flannel is a commercially available fabric frequently used as a substrate for beadwork in modern powwow regalia and contemporary artwork. Comprised of two layers of flannel fabric laminated together with an elastomeric material, this product is commonly used in baby lap pads and waterproof bedding. Rubberized flannel has handling properties that are similar to semi-tanned hide, which is the traditional substrate for beaded regalia. It is less expensive than tanned hide and available at retail stores. Unlike leather, rubberized flannel can delaminate and fray once the fabric is structurally and chemically compromised. The elastomer component is likely to have poor longevity, as many elastomers are known to be sensitive to environmental pollutants and aging. This project investigates the history and manufacture of rubberized flannel. The components of this fabric, as well its potential deterioration, were identified through several analytical techniques. NMAI Curator Emil Her Many Horses (Lakota) and other Native American beadwork artists were consulted on contemporary applications and the prevalence of rubberized flannel in contemporary beaded Powwow regalia. Following a survey of contemporary beadwork in the NMAI’s collection, the authors evaluated the condition and conservation issues associated with beaded rubberized flannel.