Various types of plaster found in Middle Eastern sites are described. Mud plaster reflects the lowest level of technology. Both gypsum and lime plasters require thermal alteration, but the thermochemical reaction each undergoes and the temperature to induce the reaction differ significantly. Hydraulic lime, natural cement, and Portland cement form a third group of thermally altered materials. Mineral phase identification coupled with optical or electron microscopic studies of texture are frequently needed to identify the nature of a particular plaster. Evidence of the use of lime plaster at Anshan (Tal-e Malyan) includes plaster bowls and plaster as a construction or decorative material. This research not only documents the existence of this technology, but also investigates the uses and distribution of the products of lime burning within an emerging urban economy. -- AATA