This paper aims to provide an overall view of the various problems encountered in the field of conservation in a country torn by twenty years of conflict. It starts by considering its best-known monuments, the extraordinary site complex of Angkor, and then measures taken there in the post-war period. It then describes the situation of museums in Cambodia and the problems of illicit traffic, and action taken to counter it. It concludes with some reflections on lessons to be learned from the experience.