Thermal comfort felt by a surgeon depends on intensity of a surgery performed as well as parameters of environment and clothing insulation. In the case of surgeons, the only parameters that can be modified are the parameters of thermal environment in the operating zone and of clothing thermal insulation. The aim of this paper is to present the results of physiological tests conducted on the users of surgical gowns. The tests were carried out with the participation of surgeons during a real operation. The study of surgeons’ physiological and physical parameters showed an increase in the internal temperature, mean skin temperature as well as the temperature and humidity between the skin and clothing in all types of the clothing used. With regard to surgeons’ subjective thermal sensation, their replies seem to indicate that the least comfortable in terms of thermal environment was a test performed in a cotton gown and a lead gown. As to clothing humidity, the surgeons assessed a cotton gown as the least comfortable. Likewise a cotton gown was indicated as the least comfortable with regard to skin humidity. It can therefore be concluded that surgeons hold an unfavourable opinion on the tests performed in cotton gowns - the type of medical clothing most commonly used nowadays.