The small religious paintings of New Mexico called santos were usually done on wood panels in aqueous medium over gesso grounds. Pigments identified on 13 panels are as follows: Red: vermilion, most common; also red lead, iron oxide, and an organic red probably derived from the cochineal insect. Yellow: a faded organic yellow, not identified, most common, and also ocher. Green: indigo mixed with an apparently faded organic yellow; no copper greens were identified. Blue: indigo most common; also Prussian blue on 2 panels. Brown: umberlike earth pigment; also carbonaceous brown. Black: carbon both charcoal and lamp black. White: usually uncovered gesso background; white lead on one panel. It appears that the santeros employed chiefly colors imported from Mexico or by way of Mexico.