Ceramic artifact examination requires evaluation, either implicitly or explicitly, of conjectures (hypotheses, postulates) from which more or less credible inferences can be deduced and tested. The nature of the induction process and the nature of artifact data are discussed in order to evaluate the sorts of inferences with which we are concerned, and how to achieve a higher degree of credibility for the plausible inferences which are derived from ceramic artifact examination. These inferences lead directly to statements about the history and prehistory of ceramic technology, which is a worthy goal in itself, but also a requirement for subsequent archaeological, anthropological, and historical inferences. Essential requirements for more rapid advancement of the field are discussed. See also AATA 20-771.