From 1976 through 1978, testing and extensive excavations were carried out at four 16th century Hispanic sites in St. Augustine, Florida, in order to delineate and define the previously unknown archeological data base (i.e., features and artifacts) of that period. The assemblage reported here is based on 3,810 items from 75 contexts dating between 1572 and 1600. While the primary purpose of this study is to establish the archaeological data base, in terms of which test implications might be formulated and processual hypotheses tested; inter-site variability in patterning is discussed, and the suggestion that this is due to socioeconomic factors is offered as a focus for the continuing 16th century research in St. Augustine.