In this paper, the progress and certain problems of scientific archaeological research (including geological archaeology) of Chinese archaic jade artifacts and jades are reviewed and analyzed. The debates of true jade and pseudo - jade ,as well as the names of some jade minerals are further discussed. The identification of jade materials and their origin are described, and the new nondestructive analysis methods for scientific archaeology of jade artifacts are introduced. The new experimental results of scientific study on Chinese archaic jade artifacts dated from Neolithic Period to Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are presented, and some points of view on scientific archaeological research of Chinese ancient jade artifacts are given.