A simplified, inexpensive method of analysis suited to the needs of museum laboratories for identifying the type of fibers which commonly occur in ethnographic textile collections is described. Apart from a standard research microscope, the process requires a total investment of approximately $400 in hardware and chemicals. The analysis, which can be carried out even on a single one-inch-long fiber specimen, provides not only important data on material culture, but is often a reliable tool for verifying the authenticity and the given age of artifacts. A list of necessary chemicals and supplies is given and case histories described.