Background is provided on the nature of Indian pictorial art. All Indian miniatures are executed in approximately the same way; the drawing, sources of and preparation of pigments are described. Nine miniatures from a private collection were treated for mold growth, primarily aspergillus niger and penicillium. Identification of a mold is useful in evaluating the treatment and provides a time frame within which the conservator must work. The vacuum aspirator eliminates lengthy fumigation periods and prevents the spread of spores through the laboratory. The treatment of the miniatures is described in detail. Cracks and cupping were repaired and inpainting was performed where necessary. New mats were prepared, but the original frames and glass were reused after fumigation and cleaning.