Recent ceramic finds from the settlement of Montegrande, Peru, were studied by neutron activation analysis, thin section microscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The cluster analysis of the NAA data yields two major groups. This result is confirmed by thin section microscopy and shows ample agreement with the typology of the sherds. In addition, a classification of the material according to the pattern of the Mössbauer spectra is attempted. For the assessment of the firing conditions, systematic laboratory firing experiments in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres were performed on mud recovered from the wattle and daub wall of an excavated house.