This paper is concerned with thermoanalytical methods used in archaeometry. Applications of thermoanalysis to several artifact categories are discussed. First, stubs of myrrh trees from Thebes planted during the reign of Queen Hatshepsut were analyzed. The results show that both cellulose and lignin have changed due to aging. Changes with aging are also demonstrated for papyrus sheets. In a study of ancient glass, different behavior with heating is attributed to higher alkali concentration. EDAX and X-Ray analysis showed the yellow color of the glass to be due to lead antimonate. Thermal behavior of Nabatean pottery was studied; ceramic made of clays of two distinct compositions apparently were fired to different temperatures. A study of pigments, including the blue pigment on the bust of Nefertiti, led to reconstruction of the synthetic Egyptian Blue pigment. A study of an Egyptian bronze determined that peak positions in the thermal analysis probably related to phase transformations and partial melting. Thermal analysis of Chinese silk from a tomb and modern silk fibers are also discussed. The authors conclude that the techniques they illustrate are powerful tools in archaeometry.