41945
Accession Number
22094
Author
Winkler, Erhard M.
Author Affiliation
Notre Dame University. Department of Geology
Title Of Article Chaper
The Measurement of Weathering Rates of Stone Structures: A Geologist's View
Title Of Journal Book
APT bulletin
Volume
18
Issue
4
Pages
65-70
Collation
6 p. : photos
Reference Bibliography
Bibliog.: p. 68
Publisher
Association for Preservation Technology
Language Of Text
English
Literature Type
Serial
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
The author presents a discussion of weathering rates of carbonate rocks from the perspective of a geologist. Reduction of the surface of a carbonate rock progresses generally parallel with the stone surface, while sandstone reduction progresses along zones of weakness, and presents problems not addressed in the present article. Weathering rates can be measured by (1) comparing weathered surfaces with resistant surfaces (e.g. quartz or hornblende veins that stand out); (2) macro stereo-photogrammetry; (3) using old metal plugs as a reference surface; (4) comparing depths of inscriptions on tombstones; and (5) comparing tombstone dimensions from top to bottom (the bottom being nearly unweathered). Method 1 is quick and easy, but conditions rarely permit its use; method 2 works well; method 3 likely overinflates measurements because metal plugs can be forced out by freeze-thaw cycles; method 4 is suspect because of subjectivity; method 5 is questionable for several reasons. The author concludes that a combination of methods 1 and 2 is optimal. A discussion by Richard A. Livingston following the article questions several points related to method 5, and points out the value of a data base of 3000 measured Veterans Administration tombstones (which are of uniform dimensions) for epidemiological studies of the effects of acid rain. -- CAL
Keywords
stone;carbonate rocks;weathering;disolution;acid rain;surface reduction; tombstones -- CAL
pub_id
41945