A number of Han Dynasty painted wooden horses have been found at the Mozuizi archaeology site. These wooden horses have big bodies, typical of the Hexi horse of ancient China. Because of the characteristics of the material, these wooden horses became water-saturated and rotten, and require immediate conservation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the paint pigments on the wood horses. The results show that the black pigment is Chinese ink (C), the white pigment is gypsum (CaSO4 [middle dot] 2H2O), and the red pigments are cinnabar (HgS) and red lead (Pb3O4). Han Dynasty coffin wood was used to restore the missing parts, using traditional construction techniques. Colorless and transparent polymethyl methacrylate (MMA) was used to make a base to support the horse’s body. PB72 was used to reinforce the surface of badly decayed wood and its paint layers. Polyvinyl acetate ([Ch2CH]nOCOH3) was used to reattach the broken parts. A technique involving adding wedges and drilling holes was introduced to reattach the parts. Finally, the painted wooden horses were well preserved by adding supportive bases. The restoration results are very good.