In order to compensate for the gap in research on the classification of states of deterioration of historical stone relics in China, this research systematically discusses and summarizes current international research results on the classification of stone deterioration. Based on these findings, more than twenty stone monuments in China were surveyed and classified. A new three-level historical deterioration classification system is presented which not only derives from international research, but also is appropriate to the Chinese situation. It provides a reference for engineers of stone monument conservation.