40364
Accession Number
22513
Editor
Van Schoute, Roger; Varougstraete-Marcq, Helene
Title Of Article Chaper
Painting technique: priming, coloured paint film and varnish
Title Of Journal Book
Pact
Volume
13
Pages
35-62
Collation
11 figs., 119 notes and refs.
ISBN
0257-8727
Language Of Text
English
Language Of Summary
French
Literature Type
Serial
Literature Level
Analytic
Abstract
The composition of the strata of the paint layer has evolved over time and within countries. The Primitives' ground layer was white and bound with glue (chalk was used in the South); it was still white in the 16th century (often enriched with a layer of oil-based lead white); it turned colored and oil-based in 17th and 18th-century Europe and back to white and oil-based in the 19th century, lead white at first, later zinc white. The pigments used for the seven colors are studied as to common name, chemical composition, and history of use; water-, oil-, egg-, and wax-based binding media are reviewed. Painting technique is also defined according to the ways artists used the materials: a large number of techniques are explained and illustrated. Original varnishes are little known; they were at first oil-based, and varnishes based on essential-oils were developed in the 16th century. Mastic seems to have been the most commonly used resin.
Keywords
Painting, ground chalk; pigment, blue azurite; pigment, history; painting, canvas sizing; painting, technique artistic; painting, technique material; painting, ground oil; painting, history; painting, ground gesso; pigment, blue ultramarine; pigment, green emerald; pigment, green chrome; pigment, green copper resinate; pigment, green verdigris; pigment, green malachite; pigment, blue smalt; pigment, blue cobalt aluminate; pigment, blue indigo; pigment, yellow ochre; pigment, red lake; pigment, red lead; pigment, red vermilion; pigment, red ochre; pigment, yellow cadmium; pigment, yellow chrome; pigment, yellow orpiment; pigment, yellow lead tin; pigment, red cadmium; painting, varnish history; painting, tempera; pigment, white zinc; pigment, white lead; pigment, white chalk; pigment, black carbon; pigment, brown van-dyke; pigment, brown umber; painting, wax; bibliography, painting varnish; bibliography, painting paint layer; bibliography, painting ground; painting, oil; ICCROM
pub_id
40364