Ultrastructural features of enamel were quantitatively assessed for the mandibular first permanent molars of 10 specimens each of the domestic sheep <i>(Ovis aries)</i> and goat <i>(Capra hircus)</i>. The means of a number of variables differed interspecifically at high levels of statistical significance, especially with regard to the enamel of intermediate depth. A canonical discriminant function analysis employing nine variables at three enamel depths resulted in the correct taxonomic assignment of 95% of the specimens comprising the present sample. These results may enable archaeozoologists to utilize enamel ultrastructure in order to discriminate between fragmentary dental remains of these caprine species. -- AATA