Although parchment exists in many different formats the emphasis of this chapter will be on the conservation of unbound parchment artifacts, including prints, drawings, manuscripts, maps, documents, and single book pages. Parchment books and binding present certain unique problems which are beyond the scope of this chapter. Many conservation problems of parchment are similar to those of paper, and there are many similarities between their treatment solutions. However, since parchment is completely different from paper in nature, origin, and behavior, some treatment procedures are used which would not be suitable for paper, and some common paper treatments, such as aqueous immersion, are destructive to parchment. (See AIC/BPG/PCC 4.4.6 C. Support Problems: Parchment/Vellum). Among those who are accustomed to treating parchment, there are many differences of opinion about what methods are effective or acceptable. This chapter describes a range of treatments currently in use, with an emphasis on unbound materials. Also included are treatments with a history of use, but not necessarily recommended now for a variety of reasons. Arguments against the use of these outdated treatments have been included.