Statistical concepts and procedures have been discussed from an historical perspective, in terms of the incidence of archaeological usage over the past 45 years; in the narrower context of the role of inferential statistics in the formulation and testing of hypotheses; and from the display and pattern-search point of view of exploratory data analysis. Instruction in quantitative analysis for those engaging in such archaeological research is proposed; reference is also made to the development of large, computerized archaeological data banks. See also AATA 19-1120. -- AATA