The ease, availability, and extensive diagnostic capability of radiographic imaging allow details of structure and fabrication to be analyzed for large quantities of sherds and whole pottery vessels so that classification of archaeological ceramics can be done in a more thorough, systematic manner. X-ray imaging modes or sensors that are useful include high-resolution x-ray film, electrostatic plates (xeroradiography), photostimulable phosphors, high resolution computer-aided tomography (CT), and direct digital radiography. Several factors affect x-ray image content and quality: the experimental limits of detectable density gradients (determined chiefly by the materials present), the dynamic range of the detector, the x-ray energy, and the magnification used in obtaining the image. To demonstrate the simplicity and utility of radiographic imaging as a diagnostic technique, we present several case studies.