This paper proposes a preliminary approach to the integration of archaeological evidence and various chemical analyses (phosphorus and lipid) on sediments and ceramics. Phosphorus and organic matter analyses are, thus, used for the study of sediments, and lipid analyses for pottery from structure 19 of the Late Neolithic-Early Copper site known as Polideportivo, Martos, southern Spain. The results of both types of analysis point to a predominantly domestic function for this structure.