Examination of Lippo Memmi's Maestà in San Gimignano and Simone Martini's Maestà in Siena indicates the presence of three types of metal leaf in addition to pure gold leaf: tin leaf (used for armor and other iron objects); golden tin leaf (toned with varnish t appear gold); and tin gilded with gold (gold leaf laminated to tin lead. The latter gold-tin laminate was frequently used over a white lead underlayer and might have been preferred in areas of punchwork and incising because of its greater thickness and malleability. -- AATA