The Sistine Madonna in the Dresden gallery was frequently restored during the last 230 years. Three relinings, four treatments to consolidate the paint layer, regeneration of the varnish, and retouching of damaged parts demanded a thorough technical examination before new procedures of a preservative treatment were undertaken. An analysis of the pigments, cross-sections, infrared photography, and radiography provided precise information about Raphael's painting techniques as well as about restoration techniques of the last centuries. A new method of mounting was used. See also AATA 22-563 and 22-626.