Descriptions of instrumental methods for the chemical analysis and identification of binding media and finishes derived from natural products are found throughout the conservation literature. This paper presents an approach which integrates and standardizes these methods in a systematic scheme for the instrumental analysis of these materials. The chemistry of each type of material and changes which occur during aging also are discussed. Spectra, chromatograms, tables, and references are provided to aid in the choice of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. This paper is intended primarily as a guide and reference for those who have access to the analytical techniques but who have limited experience in the analysis of finishes and binding media.