Pigments used in the mural paintings in the Horyuji temple, 7th-8th cent., were clay, cinnabar, red ochre, red lead, yellow ochre, litharge, malachite, azurite and Chinese ink. On the 17th century wood sliding doors in the temple, calcium carbonate replaced clay, and litharge was not used. To reproduce the mural paintings destroyed by fire in 1949 the original pigments were used, except that calcium carbonate was used as ground instead of clay, on <i>kozo (mulberry) paper pasted to wooden panels. Chinese and Japanese glasses with high lead and barium content were analyzed by the fission track method. Direct chemical evidence for trafficbetween Japan in the Yayoi period (3rd cent. B.C. 3rd cent. A.D.) and China in the pre-Han period was obtained.