Much recent research has been undertaken to mark the fifth century of the birth of Raphael. In collaboration with the Soprintendenza ai Beni Artistici e Culturali della Lombardia Occidentale, we have completed a detailed study of Raphael's Betrothal of the Virgin in the Brera Gallery, Milan, using the non-destructive techniques of x-ray fluorescence, infrared reflectography and photography, as well as complementary ultraviolet photography. Unfortunately, x-ray radiography was not possible because of a layer of lead white, which had been applied to the back of the panel in an 1856 restoration.