A literature research was undertaken, together with observation of museum objects and the analysis of paint samples. The techniques and materials used in the manufacture of objects are described. A broad range of methods and products for consolidation have delivered unsatisfactory results because of changes in appearance of objects after treatment. Consolidation should be limited to urgent cases only. Some methods based on the application of consolidants by vacuum deposition and in solutions or sprays containing solvents that evaporate slowly, are described in more detail. Investigation of objects in de Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde (Museum for Ethnology) at Leiden made clear that flaking is the more serious problem there, rather than abrasion of powdery paint. Two types of flakes were discerned. The role of lime in the development and the treatment of flakes is discussed. Four successive steps in the approach to the problems are mentioned: identification of the object in its original context, cultural value of the object in the museum collection, conservation of the object and consolidation of the object. Collaboration between conservators and staff responsible for the presentation on the hand is considered essential. Stress is laid on the importance of preventive conservation. 30 (bibliographic) references are given.