During the process of conservation treatment for the shoes (object No. Bon 7038), a red piece of textile was discovered. It was confirmed that hematite (Fe2O3) was used as pigment, through the following scientific examinations as color measurements, solubility in a particular solvent, discoloration, thin-section investigation of cross section under the microscope, composition analysis by SEM-EDS and etc. This is the first red pigment of Kaya period discovered so far, and it is significant because it exists on textile. Besides, red pigment discovered on the shield trace excavated from Tomb No. 11 of Daesung-dong in Kimhae was confirmed as Mercury sulfide (HgS). These two facts testify that similar red pigments had been used both in Kaya and Three Kingdoms around the same period.