An image analysis was used for the interpretation of microstructures of ferrous metal artifacts. For this purpose, various microstructural features such as average grain size, phase area, shape factor, and composition of the inclusions, were parameterized in order to obtain information about manufacturing techniques such as casting, heating and tempering. The carbon content was determined through the evaluation of the amount of pearlite phase. As the amount of pearlite phase increased, the shape factor also increased. Grain size was relatively smaller in trans-section than in cross-section. The manufacturing direction was longitudinal-section because of the orientation of inclusions was elongated lengthwise. All inclusions were of silicate groups and the manufacturing temperature was estimated to be up to 1350 C.