This paper presents an overview of developments in aircraft construction materials up to 1938. The materials used in the first Wright engine plane are discussed in Part I. Part II presents a brief description of typical features of British aircraft of 1938. Part III surveys the principal aircraft materials available, including steels, light alloys, special alloys, wood, plastics, and rubber, and addresses methods of surface protection. Part IV concerns the essential parts of aircraft in relation to the materials employed and the imposed operating conditions, revealing directions in which research attention might be directed. The engine, airframe, airscrew, and undercarriage are considered separately. Part V concerns some special problems related to the strength of metals. This article will be of interest to museum professionals concerned with 20th century technology, particularly metallurgy and aircraft technology.