Due to long term natural weathering and human activities, the Avalokitesvara sculpture is suffering from powdering and cracking. Because of this deterioration, the stone carving has density differences in various places. Material changes due to clay mosaics, patching and stone thickness changes all affect the absorption of extent of X - rays. When the X - rays penetrate the stone carving, images were recorded by placing a film on the other side. The image was then scanned to see significant differences in the gray images. From these images, the damage to the stone carvings under the gold foil covering it and their states of conservation could be obtained. In this study, X - ray radiography was used to survey the conditions of Avalokitesvara sculpture for more than a month. The results show that the Avalokitesvara sculpture has different degrees of weathering and fracturing under the gold foil. The underlying muddy patches made in the past and the conservation conditions were all revealed. This X - ray investigation supplements traditional methods of surveying conditions. The application of portable X - ray Radiography to survey the condition of the Avalokitesvara sculpture demonstrates the the utility of this method and also provides valuable information regarding the restoration history of the Avalokitesvara sculpture.