In order to understand the properties of the materials and smelting techniques used, Han Dynasty smelting relics from Yushujie, Jinan, were analyzed by X - ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) , X - ray diffractometry (XRD) and dilatometery (DIL) were used to analyze some objects excavated from the site. From this analysis, it can be deduced that the Yushujie site was an iron workshop capable of both smelting and casting during the Han Dynasty. By analysis of the smelting artifacts left, including clay molds, fire - resistant bricks, iron slag and mineral ore materials, it can be concluded that the selection of ore and ore manufacturing, melting and casting techniques had already been very well - developed at that time, and is indicative of the level of iron smelting technology during the Han Dynasty.