As a background for a discussion on errors and potentials of the palaeobotanical methods in the documentation of early prehistoric agriculture in Scandinavia, some methodological problems in pollen analysis are treated. Multidisciplinary research for understanding environmental changes is discussed. Different research strategies in Scandinavia are outlined. A survey of the introduction and expansion of agriculture in Scandinavia is presented. Finally, some palaeoecological interpretation problems related to the early agriculture landscape are listed. -- AATA