According to the mould diseases of culture properities, the mildewproof activity of three components of plant (Citral, Cinnamaldehyde and Citronellal) vaporized at room temperature were tested. The influence of these components on the color difference of paper and three pigments, the intensity and the folding endurance of paper were examined. The results showed that these components are all have good vapour mildewproof activity, but the impacts on materials are different.