The patina in Zairian art is the work of the sculptor, and not merely the result of time or use. It is tied to the distinctive cultural characteristics of each style. The complex work of the sculptor may include up to 10 successive operations with complementary functions -- some are designed to preserve the wood, while others give the artifact its cultural character. Knowledge of these techniques is essential in order to be able to distinguish genuine artifacts from fakes; however, it is also important for determining restoration procedures which respect this important aspect of style. For example, various techniques characteristic of specific ethnic groups are examined: Luba, Tabwa, and Kuba. References are made to the various intended uses for the sculpture, for example: domestic use, musical instruments, and religious objects. A true appreciation of the value of the patina leads to an accurate definition of authentic art and appropriate conservation procedures.