The structure and properties of gelatin in the solid state are discussed with the respect to the structural, chemical and polymeric characterization of gelatin. Also the influence of casting conditions on the structural characteristics of gelatin, the relationship between the physico-mechanical properties of gelatin and the conformational state of the gelatin macromolecules and the effect of water on the structural and mechanical properties are discussed. The effect of heat on the structural transformations and properties of gelatin are considered with reference to structural transformations, physico-mechanical properties, physico-chemical properties, internal stress and relaxation properties. The principles of modification of the physico-mechanical properties of gelatin are discussed, in particular the physical modification, physico-chemical modification and finally chemical modification.