The gold lunulae of W. Europe are the products of a distinctive sheet-working school which in style and technique lies between Beaker and Wessex Culture traditions. Related to the lunulae by their broadened terminals are three copper neck-rings from Oxfordshire, Aberdeenshire and Caernarvonshire, Versions of these in gold come from Kerivoa (Côtes du Nord) and Arlon (Belgium)-these should not, pace Butler, bw classed with Scandinavian oar ended objects. Associated with the Kerivoa fragments were three lunulae, suggesting that gold neck-rings were in fact partly-made lunulae; experiment showed that a rod of similar dimensions could be beaten into a lunula-shape. The formalised classical decoration of the Irish lunula-and a few exports is not seen on the provincial variants from Scotland, Wales and Brittany, where a decorative technique closely allied to Beaker dot-line motif was preferred. Datable associations are lacking, but production of lunulae probably reached its peak as Beaker traditions gradually gave way to those of the Wessex Culture. -- AATA