Thermoluminescence dating of burnt flints from the hominid-bearing layers of Qafzeh Cave, Israel, gave determinations in the range approximately 90,000 to 100,000 years BP. These are about 50,000 years earlier than thought for skeletons of modern type and exclude a close phylogenetic relationship between proto-Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals. Comment on the problem is provided by Chris Stringer, The Dates of Eden, pp. 565-566 of this same issue, and by E. Delson in <i>Nature</i>, vol. 332, p. 206, 1988.