The study of the phase composition and the microstructure of ancient ceramics gives information about firing temperatures, kiln atmospheres, and manipulation of clays and tempers. This knowledge allows interpretation of the skills of ancient potters in terms of adjustments to materials and techniques to fill the needs of consumers in each society. By understanding how the potter dealt with the raw materials available, the analyst can extrapolate data relevant to explaining the broader cultural milieu, since ceramics were developed to fulfill the requirements of each group which used them.