The use of high temperatures for the treatment of insect-infested museum objects is discussed as an alternative to conventional chemical fumigants. A detailed description of the thermolignum technique, developed in Germany, is given whereby objects are exposed to a temperature of 52°C for 15 to 24 hours in a purpose-built chamber equipped with temperature and humidification controls to maintain a constant moisture content during treatment. Time-temperature mortality curves are given for a number of common museum pests including the house longhorn beetle, death watch beetle, furniture beetle, powder post beetle, and clothes moth. Data is presented which indicates that this method appears to be completely effective in controlling all life stages of most major museum pests. The author believes this method offers a number of advantages over the use of low temperatures as well as controlled or modified atmospheres including short treatment times and minimal object preparation.